ABSTRACT
Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of (+/-) pentazocine (10, 30 & 50 mg/kg), a Sigma opioid agonist, resulted in a dose dependent anticonvulsant action against maximal electroshock seizures in mice. This anticonvulsant effect of pentazocine was not antagonized by both the doses of naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg) suggesting thereby that its anticonvulsant action is probably mediated by Sigma opiate binding sites. Its anticonvulsant effect was potentiated by both the anticonvulsant drugs viz. diazepam and diphenylhydantoin. Morphine, mu opioid agonist, on the other hand, failed to protect the animals against maximal electroshock seizures when it was given in doses of 10-40 mg/kg body wt.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Animals , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Diazepam/therapeutic use , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Female , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Naloxone/therapeutic use , Narcotic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Pentazocine/therapeutic use , Seizures/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Forty-two patients of typhoid perforation of the gut have been studied. All the patients were subjected to surgery after resuscitation. Simple closure (with or without serosal patch) and temporary ileostomy were the commonly performed surgical procedures. The overall mortality was 14.2%. Postoperative morbidity included wound dehiscence, fistula, encephalopathy, septicaemia, intra-abdominal abscesses and incisional hernia. Faecal fistula formed in 5 out of 42 cases. Ileostomy was found to be the best procedure with regard to morbidity and mortality.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Colostomy , Female , Humans , Ileostomy , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Typhoid Fever/complicationsABSTRACT
Effects of some imidazole compounds were studied on two animal models of cellular immune responses. Metronidazole in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and cimetidine 200mg/kg (ip), significantly suppressed the delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction, as evidenced by the footpad thickness method in mice. No significant alteration in the response could be observed however, in tinidazole treated groups. All the three drugs inhibited the migration of leucocytes in the presence of antigen in rats considerably. However, they did not produce any involution of spleen or reduction of adrenal weight indicating that their actions are not corticosteroid mediated. All the three drugs studied are histamine-like imidazole derivatives. H2 receptors are present on the surface of T-lymphocytes. They appear to modulate the cellular immune response by altering the function of the regulatory lymphocytes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Immunity, Cellular/drug effects , Male , Mice , RatsABSTRACT
A sensitive assay for staphylococcal nuclease involving incubation of the enzyme sample with heat-denatured [3H]thymidine labelled DNA from E. coli, precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and measurement of the radioactivity of acid-soluble nucleotides released has been developed. The assay is sensitive enough to be used for comparing the levels of nucleases elaborated by different strains of S. aureus as well as for determining the extent of contamination of S. aureus in food and water samples even at levels at which the conventional spectrophotometric and toluidine blue-DNA methods are totally inadequate.